![]() The Alt key on the left will not access these additional characters. The characters ², ³,, \, |, µ, ~, and € are accessed by holding the AltGr key and tapping the other key. This is necessary because the umlauts and some other special characters leave no room to have all the special symbols of ASCII, needed by programmers among others, available on the first or second (shifted) levels without unduly increasing the size of the keyboard.Ĭlickable image: Click on any symbol to open the Wikipedia article on that symbol. Like many other non-American keyboards, German keyboards change the right Alt key into an Alt Gr key to access a third level of key assignments."Ctrl" is translated to its German equivalent "Strg", for Steuerung). Most of the other abbreviations are replaced by German abbreviations (thus e.g. ⇪ Caps Lock is an upward arrow, ← Backspace a leftward arrow). Some of special key inscriptions are changed to a graphical symbol (e.g.(Some newer types of German keyboards offer the fixed assignment Alt H → ẞ for its capitalized version.) Part of the keyboard is adapted to include umlauted vowels ( ä, ö, ü) and the sharp s ( ß).The German layout places "z" in a position where it can be struck by the index finger, rather than by the weaker little finger. In English, the letter "y" is very common and the letter "z" is relatively rare, whereas in German the letter "z" is very common and the letter "y" is very uncommon. The positions of the "Z" and "Y" keys are switched.The German layout differs from the English (US and UK) layouts in four major ways: The current edition DIN 2137-1:2012-06 standardizes it as the first (basic) one of three layouts, calling it "T1" ( Tastaturbelegung 1, "keyboard layout 1"). It is based on one defined in a former edition (October 1988) of the German standard DIN 2137–2. ![]() The German keyboard layout is a QWERTZ keyboard layout commonly used in Austria and Germany. JSTOR ( September 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "German keyboard layout" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This method works well for infrequent typing in German.This article needs additional citations for verification. You’ll find the eszett (ß) when holding down the ‘s’.Drag your finger to the appropriate umlaut (in German it’s ‘ä’) and release.A menu will pop up showing all the possible ‘a’ umlauts and accents for various languages.With the keyboard showing, press and hold the ‘a’.These methods work for both Android and iPhone. I actually find it much easier to type in German on my Android smartphone, compared to on a PC. There are lots available on Amazon, I found this budget Solidtek German USB Wired Keyboard works great for me. The best way to solve this problem is to simply buy a German layout keyboard. If you’re typing a lot in German, you’ll probably find it difficult to do long term on an English keyboard. When you want to type in English for a longer period, just remove the keyboard cover. This way you can just leave your PC in German mode. If you want a semi-permanent solution you can get silicone keyboard cover on Amazon to overlay the German keyboard over your existing keyboard. This is the easiest solution because as I previously mentioned when you switch to German, you don’t just add the umlauts to your keyboard, a lot of other characters get moved around. Then switch back to English and carry on typing. Leave the PC set to English, then Windows key Space to switch to German when you need to type an umlaut. If you don’t type a lot in German, this method is ideal. Just stick them over the appropriate keys on your keyboard to help you find the hidden umlauts. If you’d rather an easier solution, you can buy German umlaut keyboard stickers on Amazon very cheaply. I then use the Windows key Space to switch back to the English keyboard and carry on typing. I’ve memorised them and find that it’s not a problem if I just need to quickly type one. On a PC it can be tricky to remember where those umlauts are hiding. German Qwertz Keyboard Layout Infrequent Typing in German
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![]() It is also an open source, community driven project that is supported by Mozilla labs. It is a general-purpose web based PDF viewer built with HTML5. To install Foxit Reader on Linux systems, follow below instructions: $ cd /tmp Add/verify digital signatures and many more.Support for scanning documents into PDF.It is features-rich with features including: Suggested Read: 10 Best Markdown Editors for Linux The latest version as of this writing is Foxit reader 7 which offers some security features that protect against vulnerabilities. ![]() It is a cross platform, small and fast secure PDF reader. To install Evince PDF reader in Linux, use: $ sudo apt-get install evince It supports document formats such as PDF, PDF, Postscript, tiff, XPS, djvu, dvi, plus many more. It is a lightweight document viewer which comes as the default on Gnome desktop environment. Check for non-embedded quantities in input.To install Okular PDF reader in Linux, use apt or yum to get it as shown: $ sudo apt-get install okular I have submitted this sample to their technical support and got a feedback that large files could be a problem and being worked upon.īottom line: Very good for standard pdf documents for editing. Not able to process even a couple of hundred pages and cumulative file sizes of about 175 MB. ![]() got bloated nearly twice the size of the original components. The files after simple removal of water mark, merging etc. even for opening editable files, page navigation, saving etc. Master PDF Editor, started misbehaving, hanging etc. I could do well in all, till I encountered with Class 12 Biology book, which contained heavy graphics, colors, non embedded fonts and other non-standard pdf stuff, perhaps. You may be able to get the details from document properties or publisher documentation. If you have to add content, probably you need to use another editor, I guess, carefully, matching the font, size, style, symbols etc. I copied and pasted symbols available elsewhere in the document. But inserting symbols and subscript/ superscript is a problem. You can easily delete unwanted characters, boxes, etc. Else, trial and error is the only option. I could not get the default paper size of the document and had to extract the first page and reinsert delete content for adding exact size blank pages. I could insert cover images, add book marks, remove water marks (individually, from each page, though), correct some errors. The average number of pages are about 350 with lots of illustrations, graphics, multiple columns etc. Recently I have been collating text books for my daughter and have finished more than 15 Higher Secondary textbooks from individual chapters available from National Council of Educational Research & Training, India, using Master PDF Editor (64bit) on Ubuntu 15.04. It has been very good for me, by and large and worth a try. Master PDF Editor (current version 3.3.20) for linux is pretty good and is available for Ubuntu for free. Instead, edited PDFs are automatically watermarked by the software to indicate that you're using the trial edition. ![]() You can download a free trial version here. Other than that I would say that PDF Studio is a very good, albeit expensive, piece of software and probably the best PDF editing suite out there on Linux right now. However, I have found PDF Studio to be a bit less stable than Adobe's solution when editing very large PDF files (≥ 500 pages). It comes with a very impressive featureset and is very close to Adobe Acrobat in terms of PDF editing functions. It's available from the Ubuntu Software Center but requires you to register an account with Ubuntu before installing.Ī few months ago I stumbled on Quoppa PDF Studio, a commercial PDF editing solution that runs natively on Linux via Java. That's why I prefer to run Foxit via PlayOnLinux.Īs far as native applications are concerned, Master PDF Editor is probably the most advanced free (as in beer) PDF editing suite available in Ubuntu right now. There are several FOSS options out there, none of which come close to the functionality of editors such as Foxit PDF Reader under Windows or commercial solutions under Linux. The parameter represents the delta degrees of freedom. That said, the function allows you to calculate both the sample and the population standard deviations using the ddof= parameter. NumPy, on the other hand, provides only a single function to calculate the standard deviation: np.std(). Using NumPy to Calculate the Standard Deviation As the number of data points grows, the difference between these two values will decrease. You can see from the sample datasets above, that the standard deviations are quite different. This can be beneficial for readers of your code, letting them know what type of data you’re working with. We can see that by using the statistics library, we’re able to explicitly identify what type of standard deviation we’re calculating. Print('Population standard deviation: ', population_std) Print('Sample standard deviation: ', sample_std) Let’s take a look at how we can calculate the standard deviation using both of these functions: # Calculating the Standard Deviation with statistics The library allows you to use two different functions: The Python statistics library is part of the standard library, which means that you don’t have to install anything additional. Let’s explore these three libraries! Using Python statistics to Calculate the Standard Deviation in Python
![]() I have neither the training nor attention to detail necessary to learn how to spot fakes (the NGC has a good resource on commonly counterfeited Chinese coins, while Silver Monthly talks about how to detect fake silver coins, in general). But of course counterfeit money is always prevalent – even in the marketplace – and some fake coins are so good that they can fool most people. My family swears they are – none of them collected coins and the ones they obtained were done through lawful commerce. ![]() I have no idea whether or not they’re authentic. Given my family’s background, I’ve amassed a large number of Chinese coins over the years. ![]() That’s why, when a hoax story about fake pork buns with cardboard inside made the rounds on the Internet a few years ago, everyone believed it.Īll of this is just a roundabout way of saying: “Don’t buy coins from China – because they’re probably fake.” Thanks to lax copyright law enforcement, pretty much the only thing in China that hasn’t been illegally copied and then passed off as the real thing has been the Great Wall (and give them time – someone will probably figure out how to do it). In fact, some enterprising Chinese pirates have moved on from the consumer goods market, setting up things like fake Ikeas and Apple stores, and even fake law firms. Whether its movies, software, watches, luxury goods, or toys (and at one point, music – but that seems to be changing – although that’s only because they haven’t figured out how to pirate Pandora or Spotify yet), Chinese counterfeiters make fake versions of almost any consumer good imaginable. The phrase “buyer beware” may not have been invented for people shopping in China, but it might as well have been.Īfter all, China is infamous for its pirated products. ![]() ![]() For adults renewing their passports using Form DS-82, the new fee is 130 (TT890.50). For minor passport applicants who use Form DS-11, the new fee is 135 (TT 924.75). Passport Fees & Costs Passport Book Renewal, 130, N/A Passport Card Renewal, 30, N/A Passport Book for ages 15 and younger, 100, 35 Passport Card for. Note: This system may contain Sensitive But Unclassified (SBU) data that requires specific data privacy handling. Effective December 27, 2021, the passport security surcharge fee will increase by 20. USE OF THIS SYSTEM BY ANY USER, AUTHORIZED OR UNAUTHORIZED, CONSTITUTES YOUR UNDERSTANDING AND CONSENT TO THIS MONITORING, INTERCEPTION, RECORDING, READING, COPYING, OR CAPTURING AND DISCLOSURE. System personnel may give to law enforcement officials any potential evidence of crime found on U.S. You don't want to miss out on your next trip. THERE IS NO RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN THIS SYSTEM. Let's talk about the increase in US passport renewal application fees as of December 2021. Government, be monitored, intercepted, recorded, read, searched, copied, or captured in any manner and disclosed or used for any lawful government purpose at any time. Government and may, for the purpose of protecting the rights and property of the U.S. Government information systems is owned by the U.S. Unauthorized or improper use of this information system is prohibited and may subject you to disciplinary action, as well as civil and criminal penalties. Government information systems are provided for the processing of official U.S. ![]() Government information system, which includes (1) this computer, (2) this network, (3) all computers connected to this network, and (4) all devices and storage media attached to this network or to a computer on this network. Just this week, more than 2,000 flights have been canceled since Christmas Eve as the recent COVID-19 surge has resulted in crew shortages.You have accessed a U.S. In addition to higher passport fees, pandemic-era travelers have also reported a slew of other issues as new variants and outbreaks continue to disrupt the travel industry. Passport book renewal fees will rise from 110 to 130, an 18 increase. If you want to pay the processing fee and. The agency urges travelers to "plan ahead and apply early" if they know they need a passport for upcoming travel plans. Renewals are done on your own, which saves you a processing fee of 35. The State Department currently states that routine processing of passport application takes some eight to 11 weeks and expedited processing (for an additional fee of $60) is taking about five to seven weeks. Learn how to report a lost or stolen passport. passport and must instead apply for a new passport in person using Form DS-11: Issued before your 16th birthday Issued more than 15 years ago Damaged, lost, or stolen. If any of the following are true, you cannot renew your U.S. The price increases for those seeking a passport to travel internationally also comes amid reports of long waits for processing that have emerged throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Determine if you can renew your passport. ![]() A detailed breakdown of the new charges is available on the State Department's website. The price for a minor passport book for those under age 16 is now $135 (consisting of a $100 application fee and a $35 acceptance fee). The price for renewing an adult passport book now totals $130. With the new fee, the cost of a first-time adult passport book comes out to $165, comprising of a $130 application fee and a $35 acceptance fee. The fee increase applies to all passports, including renewals, the State Department added in a follow-up tweet. Payable by CASH or money order to El Paso District Clerk Passport Book (Age 16 & Older). The State Department announced that the price for a passport book will increase by $20 starting on Monday, saying via Twitter that the increased fee "is necessary to ensure we continue to produce one of the most secure travel and identity documents in the world." The price of a passport officially went up on Monday, at a time when Americans are seeing higher prices seemingly everywhere they look. The fee for a US passport book will shoot up by $20 for all customers beginning December 27, the US State Department has announced. ![]() Also, check out the Barcelona collectionas well as these collections for specific regions of Spain: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias and Cantabria, the Balearic Islands, the Basque Provinces, Canary Islands, Castile, Catalonia, Galicia, and Valencia. Clive habló sin cesar sobre sus problemas en el trabajo. Clive was droning on about his problems at work. (coloquial) hablar y hablar sobre loc verb + prep. hablar con monotonía sobre loc verb + prep. When a 14-year-old boy was in danger of drowning off the Spanish shores of. In simple terms, a UAS is the totality of everything that makes a UAV work including its GPS module, ground control module, transmission systems, camera, all the software, and the person on the ground controlling the drone. THE WASHINGTON POST- A hit in Spain, lifeguard drones slower to hit U.S shores. Aerial photo: "Aerial View, Plaza de Cibeles, Madrid" purchased via Shutterstock.Ĭlick here to see all of the AirVuz Countries collections. (talk boringly about sth) hablar sin cesar sobre loc verb + prep. An Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) is, thankfully, very easy to differentiate from a UAV. As further evidence, AirVūz has created this collection of the best drone videos of España on the site. ![]() The combination of magnificent natural beauty and cultural eye candy such as some of the world's most amazing castles has led to greater exposure for the country it's notable that much of Season 7 of HBO's Game of Thrones series was shot in various parts of Spain. Spain has much to offer in terms of visual appeal: the cosmopolitan Olympics host city Barcelona and the surrounding Catalan countryside, the spectacular peaks of the Pyrenees, the grandeur of Madrid, countless medieval castlesand fortresses, and some of the most popular island destinations in the Mediterranean, . Surveillance drone definition: People who do not contribute anything to society or to an organization are sometimes. Sharing the Iberian Peninsula in Southern Europe with its neighbor Portugal, Spain is considered by many to be the most beautifulcountry in Europe. GotPrint is a family-run online printing business that provides fast and affordable print promotional materials for businesses. Customers can also work with a designer for an additional charge and order free product samples for most printed products. Vistaprint lets customers start with premade templates and walks them through selecting or uploading artwork, then choosing the sizes, materials, and any special add-ons or finishes. The company does not offer free shipping and the fastest shipping time available is three to four days. ![]() A batch of 500 business cards printed on standard 14pt cardstock costs $26, and 250 tri-fold brochures on standard glossy paper cost $183.99. Vistaprint has made its mark in the online printing space by keeping its products easy-to-design and affordable. Vistaprint’s huge selection of products, affordable prices, and easy design tools are why we choose it as the best overall. While Vistaprint is mainly known as a place to get business cards, the company has branched into just about every type of product imaginable, including brochures, postcards, flyers, mugs, coasters, magnets, posters, signs, banners, clothing, and even websites. It’s able to offer low prices and fast turnaround due to an efficient and largely automated bulk printing process. It is probably the most famous company in the space as well. Vistaprint was the first business, having opened in 1995, to widely offer customers desktop publishing online. ![]() Orders take at least three days to arrive with the fastest shipping option The lowest NOE flying is by helicopters because they have lower speeds and more maneuverability than fixed-wing aircraft, mainly in the fast-jets. Doppler radar can decide NOE flight, but the aircraft that comes closer to has to be inside radar range within the first area, and low flight minimizes this opportunity because of the impact of terrain protecting. ![]() NOE used to reduce detection through an antagonistic plane, ground-based radar, or onslaught targets. Geographical functions used during NOE flight, and this keeps below enemy radar coverage. When flying at the nap of the earth, the pilot flies at varying airspeed, altitude, and remains as close to the earth’s floor as feasible. Nap-of-the-earth (NOE) is a very low-altitude flight route utilized by military plane to keep away from enemy detection and assault in the high-threat environment. This chapter displays the MATLAB programme for a few patterns of TAWS mission, and simulation of the flight path for the excessive terrain closure rate from mode two operation of the flight. Further to this, different TAWS modes of action, explanation of mode selection and progression in TAWS clarified in detail. Therefore, we analyze the issue to expand the performance of the airplane by extending the terrain by a few modes of the TAWS, which given by various aviation authorities1. The terrain following radar (TFR) keeps up the altitude from the beginning. Here, while the plane is at the nap of the earth activity, the speed and the height must be moderate as effectively decided. The radar altimeter (RA) or terrain following radar (TFR), terrain awareness and warning system (TAWS) used to identify the curbs during flying in NOE flights. ![]() NOE used to limit discovery by the ground-based radar, targets and the control system. Military aircraft to maintain a strategic distance from opponent detection and assault in a high-thread circumstance use it. The nap-of-the-earth (NOE) mode is the most energizing, most unsafe, and is generally the slowest. This chapter unveils an enhancement strategy for nap-of-the-earth. We now can add a load resistor to the circuit: Since an ideal scope has ~infinite resistance (or ~10 megaohm in reality), so most Vth can be loaded on the scope. Now, in order to calculate Rth, we need to know the voltage of Vth - you can simply measure it with a scope at point C. Unfortunately, lots of voltage from Vth will be applied on Zout, and only a portion of the Vth can pass into the next stage.With small resistance, Zout won’t have too much voltage drop, so most of the signal from Vth can pass into the next stage.Since we are looking the black box from the point of view of output, the input signal may have been transformed by the black box and have a different wave form, so we can turn it into a Thevenin equivalent circuit:Īnd Rth will be the output impedance. Let’s put a function generator on the black box input (we still need send in some signal, otherwise we won’t see anything): (Don’t attempt to look at the input to determine the output impedance, since your black box may transform your input signal anyway) It determine how much voltage will be shared between the black box and the output load The definition of the output impedance is ” “How much impedance(resistance) from the point of view of the OUTPUT” ![]() If unsure, change the input frequency and measure the input impedance again. ![]() *Some special device are sensitive to the input frequency (like capacitors). *A good circuit should have high input impedance. Put a different test resistor, until the voltage amplitude at B is HALF of the voltage at A - implies the new test resistor value is the SAME as the ZinĬongratulation, you just measure the input impedance!.Measure the voltage amplitude on point A and B, and use the ratio to calculate Zin, or:.This is nothing but two resistors in series - a simple voltage divider. So… how to we determine the input impedance then? Since the circuit now is nothing but resistors in series, we can add a test resistor on the input:Ĭompared to the 20k test resistor, the 5 ohm internal R is almost nothing - we can safely assume that the test resistor and Zin will take most of the voltage drops. Don’t need to worry about electric bill.Most of the voltage will go into the black box, since internal resistance is small and won’t take much of voltage drop.By Ohm’s law, large resistance implies low current.Has to increase input voltage to compensate the loss - not economic.Lots of voltage will goes to the internal resistance, waste lots of power, and very few signal actually reach the black box. ![]() ![]()
![]() ![]() Derivations and explanations are based on years of classroom experience on the part of long-time calculus professors, striving for a balance of clarity and rigor that has proven successful with their students. Throughout Calculus Volume 1 you will find examples and exercises that present classical ideas and techniques as well as modern applications and methods. Chapter 7: Second-Order Differential Equations.Chapter 4: Differentiation of Functions of Several Variables.Chapter 1: Parametric Equations and Polar Coordinates.The organization and pedagogical features were developed and vetted with feedback from mathematics educators dedicated to the project. The goal of each section is to enable students not just to recognize concepts, but work with them in ways that will be useful in later courses and future careers. With this objective in mind, the content of the three volumes of Calculus have been developed and arranged to provide a logical progression from fundamental to more advanced concepts, building upon what students have already learned and emphasizing connections between topics and between theory and applications. We have worked to make calculus interesting and accessible to students while maintaining the mathematical rigor inherent in the subject. Our Calculus Volume 1 textbook adheres to the scope and sequence of most general calculus courses nationwide. Volume 1 covers functions, limits, derivatives, and integration. Due to the comprehensive nature of the material, we are offering the book in three volumes for flexibility and efficiency. The book guides students through the core concepts of calculus and helps them understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. You can access this textbook for free in web view or PDF through, and for a low cost in print.Ĭalculus is designed for the typical two- or three-semester general calculus course, incorporating innovative features to enhance student learning. OpenStax is committed to remaining transparent about all updates, so you will also find a list of past errata changes on your book page on. Subject matter experts review all errata suggestions. If you have a correction to suggest, submit it through the link on your book page on. Since our books are web based, we can make updates periodically when deemed pedagogically necessary. However, like any professional-grade textbook, errors sometimes occur. ErrataĪll OpenStax textbooks undergo a rigorous review process. ![]() Visit your book page on for more information. The custom version can be made available to students in low-cost print or digital form through their campus bookstore. Instructors also have the option of creating a customized version of their OpenStax book. You can even provide a direct link in your syllabus to the sections in the web view of your book. ![]() Feel free to remix the content by assigning your students certain chapters and sections in your syllabus, in the order that you prefer. About OpenStax's resources CustomizationĬalculus Volume 1 is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC-SA) license, which means that you can distribute, remix, and build upon the content, as long as you provide attribution to OpenStax and its content contributors, do not use the content for commercial purposes, and distribute the content under the same CC-BY-NC-SA license.īecause our books are openly licensed, you are free to use the entire book or pick and choose the sections that are most relevant to the needs of your course. Through our partnerships with philanthropic foundations and our alliance with other educational resource organizations, OpenStax is breaking down the most common barriers to learning and empowering students and instructors to succeed. OpenStax Tutor, our low-cost personalized learning tool, is being used in college courses throughout the country. Our first openly licensed college textbook was published in 2012, and our library has since scaled to over 25 books for college and AP ® courses used by hundreds of thousands of students. OpenStax is a nonprofit based at Rice University, and it’s our mission to improve student access to education. This textbook was written to increase student access to high-quality learning materials, maintaining highest standards of academic rigor at little to no cost. Welcome to Calculus Volume 1, an OpenStax resource. |